HOMEOSTATIC MED4U

  Well, this is a very interesting topic to discuss about - How did they anaesthetise people before anaesthesia? I was just wondering about this since a few days, and after research and deep thinking, I'm here for you with yet another interesting episode write up on the mind blowing medical era before anaesthesia ! From my perspective, of all the milestones and achievements, conquering pain must be one of the very few that has potentially affected every human being in the world. One name that stands out amongst all the others when the topic of discovery of modern anaesthesia comes into play is William T.G. Mortan. Dr. Morton, a young dentist had been in search for a better agent used by many dentists - nitrous oxide. Dr. Mortan along with John Collins Warren, a renowned surgeon, made history on October 16, 1846 with the first successful surgical procedure performed with anaesthesia. Dr. Mortan had single handedly proven to the world that ether is a gas that when inhaled in the prop

  So, one of my friends asked me this brilliant curious question one day - Instead of a sperm fertilising an egg, can an egg fertilise another egg? So, this post is mainly for her and many other inquisitive people out there wondering similar things. I have been having so many thoughts on this and the following is a small gist of my thoughts penned down.  So let's say one were to take an egg, insert the DNA from another egg, and then insert centrosomes from another cell, is it possible for the cell to divide? Well, probably we might have to give it a mild electric shock. This is what is done in some cloning techniques. I mean, of course, there is no guarantee that this method is bound to work, but probably it might work?  Replication can be done in the lab too but the issue is that there is not much understanding about gene regulation and reproduction. Most of us know about Dolly, the sheep which was the first mammal to be cloned, using the diploid nucleus from an adult tissue. Here

There are so many misconceptions about blood cancer. It is usually thought that blood cancers are very rare, which can occur only in old people, are incurable and are always fatal, etc. This isn't what it is and today, May 28th 2021, I take up this wonderful opportunity to clear some of the common misconceptions about blood cancer. Firstly, any cancer, here blood cancer, is not a single entity but one that comprises a wide group of cancers. Now coming to the most common misconception that it can occur only in old people. No, this isn't true. Blood cancers can occur in all age groups from newborns to the weak and elderly. Well, genetics also can play an important role in the inheritance of these cancers. It's not directly that these cancers have the capability of getting inherited from one generation to the next. Some genetically inherited diseases increase the risk of blood cancers, especially in the younger ages. There is no exact cause in most cases for such cancers. Chil

  We all very well know that the second wave of COVID - 19 with its double/triple mutants (not only these but many more variants are being reported) are evolving with a motive of evading human immune responses, spreading like wildfire today, with few cases being asymptomatic to cases having totally different symptoms than the ones which the first wave taught us. The public are understandably eager to know what the future will hold with the cases surging in rapid fire. So first of all what is a mutation? A mutation is a change in a genetic sequence. Mutations occur in nucleotides, which are the basic substances that make up RNA and DNA. The amino acid sequence is determined by the sequence of these nucleotides in RNA and DNA. The mutations in a particular viral genome can change these amino acid sequences, which further can change the structure of the protein produced by the life form.  Well, these mutations can be of 2 types - deletion and substitution. Deletions are those which cannot

Well, I have seen many people having astounding memories.  So this is how the thought of writing about photographic memory struck me. But there is not exactly any verified case where the memory works like a camera. Even though there's no such thing as a photographic memory, there are indeed, some people who are very gifted. Basically, this is more like a special ability that some people have, which helps them capture visual images momentarily, and recall a past scene in detail with great accuracy.  Usually, it's easier to remember the things that we see more easily than the things we hear. So what could possibly be the reason behind this photographic memory? What is the science behind photographic memory? Does it actually exist? There is a condition called Highly Superior Autographic Memory (HSAM) which is present in some people. These people with HSAM can recall past scenarios with great detail, including the exact dates on which the scenarios occurred. Of course having such m

 Many of us keep cracking our knuckles when we are worried/ stressed/ anxious/etc., so I have always wondered why this cracking happens. So I just took a bit of time to sit down and pen down my possible thoughts of why this knuckle cracking takes place, and the following is the context behind it, according to me, after coming across a few studies. There aren't any awards to be won for solving the most minor science mysteries - like why yawning and laughing are contagious - but that doesn't mean we don't want the answers anyway. Add to those everyday puzzles the mystery of knuckle cracking. Why exactly does this cracker burst occur from some of the body's smallest joints? The type of joints that you can most easily 'crack' or 'pop' are the diarthrodial joints. These are the most typical joints. They consist of two bones that are in contact with each other at their cartilage surfaces; the cartilage surfaces are surrounded by a joint capsule.  Inside the jo

  Heyy ! I have had my exams all this while so couldn't post anything earlier. But I'm back again with yet another post to make the scientific track going! The human body handles glucose and fructose - the most abundant sugars in our diet. Every cell of our body can break down glucose for energy. However, in contrast, the only ones that can handle fructose are our liver cells. What the liver does with fructose, especially when too much fructose intake takes place, has potentially dangerous consequences for the heart and the liver. Fructose, also called fruit sugar, was once a minor part of our diet. Today, it turns out to be a major part as almost all of the major part comes from the refined sugars (sucrose - half glucose, half fructose) used to make beverages, fruit drinks, sodas, pastries and other sweet foods, and breakfast cereals.  High sugar intake has been linked to several health complications, including - cancer, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. T